Too often, interventional programs are initiated and implemented at great expense with no thought of how to measure the success (or failure) of these programs. Success can take many forms, and the outcome measurements utilized must be identified as part of the planning process. At all levels, from the DNP Project to NIH grants, the results of these projects and programs are of little worth without measurable, pre-planned outcomes.
Too often, interventional programs are initiated and implemented at great expense with no thought of how to measure the success (or failure) of these programs. Success can take many forms, and the outcome measurements utilized must be identified as part of the planning process. At all levels, from the DNP Project to NIH grants, the results of these projects and programs are of little worth without measurable, pre-planned outcomes.
According to Gordis, ?outcomes research is used to denote studies comparing the effects of two or more interventions or modalities, such as treatments, forms of health care organizations, or types and extent of insurance coverage and provider reimbursement on health or economic outcomes. Endpoints can include morbidity and mortality as well as measures of quality of life, functional status, and patient perceptions of their health status, including symptom recognition and patient satisfaction? (2013, p. 313). The American Nurses Association defines outcome measurements as “collecting and analyzing data using predetermined outcome indicators for the purpose of making decisions about healthcare? (ANA, 2004).
Healthy People (HP) 2020 has identified 12 leading health indicators to communicate high-priority health issues with respective recommended interventions and proposed outcomes. These areas include access to health services; clinical preventive services; environmental quality; injury and violence; maternal, infant, and child health; mental health; nutrition; physical activity and obesity; oral health; reproductive and sexual health; substance abuse; and tobacco use. Each of the 12 topics has indicators that will be tracked, measured, and reported on throughout the decade. HP is soliciting input from healthcare providers for innovative, cost-effective, sustainable programs to address these high-priority areas.
Regardless of what definition or combination of definitions one espouses, the necessity of incorporating ?outcome measurements? into practice cannot be minimized. Too often, interventional programs are initiated and implemented at great expense, with no thought of how to measure the success or failure of these programs. Success can take many forms (as indicated above) and the outcome measurements utilized must be identified as part of the planning process. At all levels, from small projects to NIH research, the results of these projects and programs are of little worth without measurable, pre-planned outcomes.
Frameworks:
There is a variety of frameworks that are used in nursing and healthcare to evaluate outcomes.
1. Clinical Value Compass utilizing four dimensions:
? Clinical?disease-specific outcomes
? Functional?ability to participate in activities of daily living, overall well-being
? Cost?number of encounters, length of stay, finances and resources
? Satisfaction?patient and family satisfaction (Nelson et al., 1995; Nelson, Mohr, Batalden, & Plume, 1996; Oermann & Floyd, 2001).
2. Structure, Process, and Outcomes
Measuremen
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